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This manual documents NASM, the Netwide Assembler: an assembler targetting the Intel x86 series of processors, with portable source.
Chapter 1:
Introduction
Section
1.1: What Is NASM?
Section
1.1.1: Why Yet Another Assembler?
Section
1.1.2: Licence Conditions
Section
1.2: Contact Information
Section
1.3: Installation
Section
1.3.1: Installing NASM under MS-DOS or Windows
Section
1.3.2: Installing NASM under Unix
Chapter 2:
Running NASM
Section
2.1: NASM Command-Line Syntax
Section
2.1.1: The
Section
2.1.2: The
Section
2.1.3: The
Section
2.1.4: The
Section
2.1.5: The
Section
2.1.6: The
Section
2.1.7: The
Section
2.1.8: The
Section
2.1.9: The
Section
2.1.10: The
Section
2.1.11: The
Section
2.1.12: The
Section
2.1.13: The
Section
2.2: Quick Start for MASM Users
Section
2.2.1: NASM Is Case-Sensitive
Section
2.2.2: NASM Requires Square Brackets For Memory References
Section
2.2.3: NASM Doesn't Store Variable Types
Section
2.2.4: NASM Doesn't
Section
2.2.5: NASM Doesn't Support Memory Models
Section
2.2.6: Floating-Point Differences
Section
2.2.7: Other Differences
Chapter 3: The
NASM Language
Section
3.1: Layout of a NASM Source Line
Section
3.2: Pseudo-Instructions
Section
3.2.1:
Section
3.2.2:
Section
3.2.3:
Section
3.2.4:
Section
3.2.5:
Section
3.3: Effective Addresses
Section
3.4: Constants
Section
3.4.1: Numeric Constants
Section
3.4.2: Character Constants
Section
3.4.3: String Constants
Section
3.4.4: Floating-Point Constants
Section
3.5: Expressions
Section
3.5.1:
Section
3.5.2:
Section
3.5.3:
Section
3.5.4:
Section
3.5.5:
Section
3.5.6:
Section
3.5.7: Unary Operators:
Section
3.6:
Section
3.7: Critical Expressions
Section
3.8: Local Labels
Chapter 4: The
NASM Preprocessor
Section
4.1: Single-Line Macros
Section
4.1.1: The Normal Way:
Section
4.1.2: Undefining macros:
Section
4.1.3: Preprocessor Variables:
Section
4.2: Multi-Line Macros:
Section
4.2.1: Overloading Multi-Line Macros
Section
4.2.2: Macro-Local Labels
Section
4.2.3: Greedy Macro Parameters
Section
4.2.4: Default Macro Parameters
Section
4.2.5:
Section
4.2.6:
Section
4.2.7: Concatenating Macro Parameters
Section
4.2.8: Condition Codes as Macro Parameters
Section
4.2.9: Disabling Listing Expansion
Section
4.3: Conditional Assembly
Section
4.3.1:
Section
4.3.2:
Section
4.3.3:
Section
4.3.4:
Section
4.3.5:
Section
4.3.6:
Section
4.4: Preprocessor Loops:
Section
4.5: Including Other Files
Section
4.6: The Context Stack
Section
4.6.1:
Section
4.6.2: Context-Local Labels
Section
4.6.3: Context-Local Single-Line Macros
Section
4.6.4:
Section
4.6.5: Example Use of the Context Stack: Block IFs
Section
4.7: Standard Macros
Section
4.7.1:
Section
4.7.2:
Section
4.7.3:
Section
4.7.4:
Section
4.7.5:
Chapter 5:
Assembler Directives
Section
5.1:
Section
5.2:
Section
5.2.1: The
Section
5.3:
Section
5.4:
Section
5.5:
Section
5.6:
Chapter 6:
Output Formats
Section
6.1:
Section
6.1.1:
Section
6.1.2:
Section
6.2:
Section
6.2.1:
Section
6.2.2:
Section
6.2.3:
Section
6.2.4:
Section
6.2.5:
Section
6.2.6:
Section
6.2.7:
Section
6.2.8:
Section
6.3:
Section
6.3.1:
Section
6.4:
Section
6.5:
Section
6.5.1:
Section
6.5.2: Position-Independent Code:
Section
6.5.3:
Section
6.5.4:
Section
6.6:
Section
6.7:
Section
6.8:
Section
6.9:
Section
6.9.1: Requiring a Library: The
Section
6.10:
Chapter 7:
Writing 16-bit Code (DOS, Windows 3/3.1)
Section
7.1: Producing
Section
7.1.1: Using the
Section
7.1.2: Using the
Section
7.2: Producing
Section
7.2.1: Using the
Section
7.2.2: Using the
Section
7.3: Producing
Section
7.4: Interfacing to 16-bit C Programs
Section
7.4.1: External Symbol Names
Section
7.4.2: Memory Models
Section
7.4.3: Function Definitions and Function Calls
Section
7.4.4: Accessing Data Items
Section
7.4.5:
Section
7.5: Interfacing to Borland Pascal Programs
Section
7.5.1: The Pascal Calling Convention
Section
7.5.2: Borland Pascal Segment Name Restrictions
Section
7.5.3: Using
Chapter 8:
Writing 32-bit Code (Unix, Win32, DJGPP)
Section
8.1: Interfacing to 32-bit C Programs
Section
8.1.1: External Symbol Names
Section
8.1.2: Function Definitions and Function Calls
Section
8.1.3: Accessing Data Items
Section
8.1.4:
Section
8.2: Writing NetBSD/FreeBSD/OpenBSD and Linux/ELF Shared Libraries
Section
8.2.1: Obtaining the Address of the GOT
Section
8.2.2: Finding Your Local Data Items
Section
8.2.3: Finding External and Common Data Items
Section
8.2.4: Exporting Symbols to the Library User
Section
8.2.5: Calling Procedures Outside the Library
Section
8.2.6: Generating the Library File
Chapter 9:
Mixing 16 and 32 Bit Code
Section
9.1: Mixed-Size Jumps
Section
9.2: Addressing Between Different-Size Segments
Section
9.3: Other Mixed-Size Instructions
Chapter 10:
Troubleshooting
Section
10.1: Common Problems
Section
10.1.1: NASM Generates Inefficient Code
Section
10.1.2: My Jumps are Out of Range
Section
10.1.3:
Section
10.1.4:
Section
10.2: Bugs
Appendix A:
Intel x86 Instruction Reference
Section
A.1: Key to Operand Specifications
Section
A.2: Key to Opcode Descriptions
Section
A.2.1: Register Values
Section
A.2.2: Condition Codes
Section
A.2.3: Effective Address Encoding: ModR/M and SIB
Section
A.3: Key to Instruction Flags
Section
A.4:
Section
A.5:
Section
A.6:
Section
A.7:
Section
A.8:
Section
A.9:
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A.10:
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A.14:
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A.24:
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A.27:
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A.28:
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A.33:
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A.34:
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A.36:
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A.37:
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A.38:
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A.39:
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A.40:
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